SMIT Help Information for Files and Directories

Note: The information contained in this article is structured as help information for the System Management Interface Tool (SMIT) and is not intended for general reading.

File Systems

A file system is a hierarchical structure (file tree) of files and directories. This type of structure resembles an inverted tree with the roots at the top and the branches at the bottom. This file tree uses directories to organize data and programs into groups, allowing the management of several directories and files at one time.


List All File Systems

Lists all file systems as well as displays characteristics of file systems, such as name, mount point, type, size, and automatic mounts.


List All Mounted File Systems

Displays characteristics of file systems, such as mount points, automatic mounts, permissions, and file system size.


Add/Change/Show/Delete File Systems

You can add, change, show, or delete any of the file system types the operating system supports. These include the following:


You can add, change, show, or delete any of the file system types the operating system supports. These include the following:

You can add, change, show, or delete any of the file system types the operating system supports. These include the following:

Journaled File Systems

This file system uses database journaling techniques to maintain its structural consistency. This prevents damage to the file system when the system is halted abnormally.


Add a Journaled File System

Creates a file system on a logical volume within a previously created volume group. A new logical volume is created for the file system.


Volume Group Name

Specifies the volume group on which to create the file system. A volume group is a collection of one or more physical volumes.


Specifies the volume group on which to create the file system. A volume group is a collection of one or more physical volumes.


SIZE of file system

Specifies the physical partition size of the Journaled File System in 512-byte blocks. If the specified size is not evenly divisible by the physical partition size, it is rounded up to the next number that is.

The maximum size of a JFS file system is a function of it number of bits per i-node (NBPI) value:

NBPI - Maximum size in 512-byte blocks

512 - 16777216
1024 - 33554432
2048 - 67108864
4096 - 134217728.

MOUNT POINT

Specifies the mount point, which is the directory where the file system is available or will be made available.


Specifies the mount point, which is the directory where the file system is available or will be made available.


Mount AUTOMATICALLY at system restart?

Specifies whether the file system is mounted at each system restart. Possible values are:

Specifies whether the file system is mounted at each system restart. Possible values are:

PERMISSIONS

Sets the permissions for the file system.


Mount options

Specifies security-related mount options. The possible values are:

Start Disk Accounting

Enables disk accounting on this file system.


Fragment size

Specifies the file system fragment size. The value parameter must be either 512, 1024, 2048, or 4096. The default fragment size is 4096 bytes.

A file system fragment is the smallest unit of disk storage that can be allocated to a file. If your system has a large number of small files, decreasing the fragment size will increase the efficiency of disk utilization. However, decreasing the fragment size could also decrease file access efficiency.


Number of Bytes Per Inode / Allocation Group Size

Specifies the ratio of file system size in bytes to the number of i-nodes. Increasing the number of bytes per i-node (NBPI) decreases the total number of i-nodes in a file system.

The Allocation Group size determines the allowable range of NBPI values for a file system according to the following table:

Allocation Group Size      
 
NBPI Range
8                                     512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16384
16                                   1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16384, 32768
32                                   2048, 4096, 8192, 16384, 32768, 65536
64                                   4096, 8192, 16384, 32768, 65536, 131072
.

Compression algorithm

Selects a compression algorithm for the file system. Possible choices are:

no - Creates a file system that does not use data compression. The default is no.

LZ - Create a file system in which all data is automatically compressed using LZ compression before being written to disk and is automatically uncompressed when read from disk. Requires a fragment size of less than 4096 bytes.

NOTE: A file system that has been created using LZ cannot be changed to no.


Add a Journaled File System on a Previously Defined Logical Volume

Adds a journaled file system (JFS) to an existing logical volume. The size of the file system will be the size of the logical volume. All data on the target logical volume will be destroyed.


LOGICAL VOLUME name

Specifies the name of an existing logical volume. Enter the name of a logical volume or use the List feature to select from a list of previously defined logical volumes.

Note: All data on this logical volume will be destroyed.


LOGICAL VOLUME name

Specifies the name of an existing logical volume. Click on the List button to select from a list of previously defined logical volumes.

Note: All data on the selected logical volume will be destroyed.


Change/Show Characteristics of a Journaled File System

Displays file system attributes and allows certain attributes to be modified.


Remove a Journaled File System

Removes a file system, any logical volume on which it resides, and the associated stanza in the /etc/filesystems file.


FILE SYSTEM name

Specifies the file system to be removed.


Specifies the file system to be removed.


Remove Mount Point

Selecting yes removes the mount point (directory) where the file system is normally made available.

NOTE: The directory is removed only if it is empty.


Add a CDROM File System

Makes a CD-ROM file system available by adding an appropriate stanza to the /etc/filesystems file. This eases management of the CD-ROM file systems.


Remove a CDROM File System

Removes a CD-ROM file system and the associated stanza in the /etc/filesystems file.


DEVICE name

Specifies the device name of the CD-ROM device.


Defragment a Journaled File System

Perform, Query, or Report?

Attempts to reduce external fragmentation by reallocating disk blocks and consolidating small unusable holes of disk space into larger contiguous free space. The defragmentation utility offers these options:

External file system fragmentation occurs when files are allocated and deleted; this can produce small holes of free disk space that are not contiguous. These holes may be too small to satisfy a given allocation request. In extreme cases, this can result in a file system with a large percentage of its free space occupying holes that are essentially unusable.


Mount a File System

Instructs the operating system to make a file system available for use at a specified location (the mount point).


FILE SYSTEM name

Mounts a file system expressed as a device (for example, /dev/hd6). Use the SMIT List function to obtain a list of file systems.


DIRECTORY over which to mount

The directory specified becomes the root directory of the newly mounted file system. Use the SMIT List function to obtain a list of file systems.


FORCE the mount?

Requests a forced mount during system initialization to enable mounting over the root file system.


REMOTE NODE containing the file system

Specifies the remote node that holds the directory to be mounted.


Mount as a REMOVABLE file system?

Mounts a file system as a removable file system. While there are open files on it, a removable mounted file system behaves the same as a normally mounted file system. However, when there are no open files (and while no process has a current directory on the file system), all of the file system disk buffers in the file system are written to the medium, and the operating system forgets the structure of the file system.


Mount as a READ-ONLY system?

Mounts a file system as a read-only file system, regardless of its previous specification.


Disallow DEVICE access via this mount?

Specifies device access from this mount. Possible options are yes and no. Selecting yes prevents opens of devices from this mount.


Disallow execution of SUID and SGID programs

Specifies whether execution of setuid and setgid programs are allowed from this mount. Possible options are yes and no. Selecting yes prevents execution of these programs from this mount.


Mount a Group of File Systems

Mounts all stanzas in the /etc/filesystems file that contain the type=Type attribute and are not mounted.


GROUP name

Specifies the name of the group.


Unmount a File System

Unmounts a previously mounted file system, directory, or file. Members of the system group and users operating with root user authority can unmount any mounted directory. Other users can unmount any directory or file if they have write permission to the mounted-over directory or file.

Note: SMIT will not unmount the /usr/lpp/info/$LANG directory, the directory on which SMIT helps are located. Typically, this is the CD-ROM.


Unmount ALL mounted file systems?

Unmounts all mounted file systems, except those with stanzas in the /etc/filesystems file with the mount=automatic attribute.


Unmount all REMOTELY mounted file systems?

Unmounts all remotely mounted file systems.


NAME of file system to unmount

To unmount local mounts, you can specify the device, directory, file, or file system on which it is mounted.


REMOTE NODE containing the file system to unmount

Specifies the node holding the mounted directory you want to unmount.


Unmount a Group of File Systems

Unmounts all stanzas in the /etc/filesystems file that contain the type=Type flag and are mounted.


Verify a File System

Checks for file system inconsistencies. You must be able to read the device file that the file system resides on (for example, the /dev/lv00 device). Normally, the file system is consistent, and this option merely reports on the number of files, used blocks, and free blocks in the file system. If the file system is inconsistent, this option displays information about the inconsistencies found.

Any inconsistencies reported and not fixed by this SMIT menu interface must be addressed by running fsck interactively from the command line.


NAME of file system

Specifies the file system to verify. If you do not specify a file system, the /etc/filesystems file is examined to find a list of file systems to check by default. This option can perform simultaneous checks on multiple file systems. This can reduce the time required to check a large number of file systems.


FAST check?

Performs a fast check. Under normal circumstances, the only file systems likely to be affected by halting the system without shutting down properly are those that are mounted when the system stops.


SCRATCH file

Specifies a file parameter as a scratch file on a file system other than the one being checked.


Backup a File System

Creates copies of your files on a backup medium, such as a magnetic tape or diskette. The copies are in one of the two following backup formats:

Creates a copy of your file system on a backup medium, such as a magnetic tape or diskette. The copy is in backup-by-i-node format.


Filesystem to Backup

Specifies the file system to be backed up.


Backup DEVICE

Backup DEVICE or FILE

Specifies the output device to which the file system is backed up.


Backup LEVEL

Specifies the level of backup to create. Enter 0 for a full backup, or a numeral from 1 to 9 for an incremental backup. A level n backup will back up all files modified since the most recent level n-1 (or lower) backup. For instance, a level 3 backup will back up all files modified since the most recent level 2 backup. The default backup level is 0.


RECORD backup in /etc/dumpdates?

Specifies whether or not to record the current backup in /etc/dumpdates. Selecting yes saves information needed for maintaining incremental backups. The default is no.


Restore Files in a File System

Restore a File System

Restore files backed up on a local system.


Restores contents of a file system backup (also known as a backup by i-node).


Restore DEVICE or FILE

Restore DEVICE

Backup DEVICE

Specifies the input device. Specify the device parameter as a file name (such as the /dev/rmt0 file) to get input from the named device, or specify - (minus) to get input from the standard input device.


Target Directory

Specifies the directory from which to begin the restore. You must be at the top of the file system you are restoring; for example, if you are restoring /home, you must be in /home.


Verbose Output?

Specifies whether to produce verbose output.


Number of BLOCKS to read in a single input

Specifies the number of 512-byte blocks to read in a single input operation. If you do not specify this flag, the restore command selects a default value appropriate for the physical device you have selected. Larger values of the blocks parameter result in larger physical transfers from tape devices.


List Contents of a Backup

Lists the contents of a backup. The backup can be in either backup-by-i-node format or backup-by-name format.


Files and Directories

You can back up files and directories to an archive, or you can restore or list contents of an archive.


Backup a File or Directory

Creates copies of your files, directories, or both on a backup medium, such as a magnetic tape or diskette. The copies (or archive) are in back-up-by-name format.


FILE or DIRECTORY to Backup

Specifies one or more files, directories, or both to back up. Enter . (period) to back up everything in the current working directory (as specified in the Current Working Directory field). Backing up a directory recursively backs up the contents of that directory including all subdirectories.


Current Working Directory

Specifies the directory from which to begin the backup. This allows for specifying path names relative to the current working directory to back up.


Backup Local Files Only

Specifies whether to back up all files, or just those files belonging to a Journaled File System (JFS).


Pack Files

Specifies whether to attempt to pack (compress) files before placing them in the archive. Some files cannot be compressed and will be placed in the archive as is. Restoring the archive will automatically unpack files packed by this option.


Restore a File or Directory

Restore the contents of an archive in back-up-by-name format.


File or Directory to Restore

Specifies a particular file or directory to restore. Leave this entry blank to restore the entire archive. The file or directory name given must match the name stored in the archive. Use the List Contents of a Backup menu option to determine file or directory names in a particular archive.


Fragment Size (bytes)

Specify the file system fragment size in bytes. Decreasing the fragment size below a full block (4096 bytes) allows partial blocks to be allocated at the end of a file. You can set the fragment size to 512, 1024, 2048, or 4096 bytes. If a file system is compressed, you must specify a fragment size of 512, 1024, or 2048 bytes.


Add a Standard Journaled File System

Creates a file system. The resulting file system is compatible with the AIX Version 3 file system if you accept the default values for fragment size, number of bytes per i-node (NBPI), and allocation group size and if the file system size remains below 2GB.


Add a Compressed Journaled File System

Creates a file system in which all data is compressed automatically using LZ compression before being written to disk and all data is uncompressed automatically when read from disk.


Add a Large File Enabled Journaled File System

Creates a file system in which the maximum file size is increased from 2GB to 64GB minus 124MB.


Size of file system (in 512-byte blocks)

Specify the size of the journaled file system in 512-byte blocks. If the specified size is not evenly divisible by the physical partition size, it is rounded up to the next number that is evenly divisible by the physical partition size.


Large File enabled

Enables large files for the file system.


Mount automatically at system restart?

Specifies whether the file system is mounted at each system restart. Possible values are:

Specifies whether the file system is mounted at each system restart. Possible values are:

Back up only files that have been modified since a specific full backup (an incremental backup).


The possible levels are 0 to 9. If you do not supply a level, the default is 9. A level 0 backup includes all files on the file system. An n level backup includes all files modified since the last n - 1 level backup.


DIRECTORY full pathname

The physical device name (the block or raw name), the name of the directory on which the file system is normally mounted, or the name of any other directory.


File System or Directory full path name

Specifies the name of the file system or the directory within the file system to be backed up.


Specifies the number of 512-byte blocks to write in a single output operation, referred to as the block size. If a number is not specified, the backup command uses a default value appropriate for the physical device selected. Larger values result in larger physical transfers to tape devices.


Warning: ...

Running the backup command results in the loss of all material previously stored on the selected output medium.


MAX. number of blocks to write on backup medium

Limits the total number of blocks to use on the backup medium. Use this attribute for diskette devices only. This option is ignored when performing i-node backups.


Causes the backup command to display a report on each phase of the backup as it is completed and gives regular progress reports during the longest phase.


Change a File System

You can set or change a file system's size, permissions, mount point, and automatic mounts.


File System Name

Specifies the name of the file system, expressed as a mount point.


Specifies the name of the file system, expressed as a mount point.


Specifies the name of the file system, expressed as a mount point.


Specifies the name of the file system, expressed as a mount point.


NEW mount point

Specifies the new mount point.


Specifies the new mount point.


PERMISSIONS

Sets the permissions for the file system:

ro - Specifies read-only permissions.

rw - Specifies read-write permissions.


Mount GROUP

Specifies the mount group. Mount groups are used to group related mounts so that they can be mounted as one instead of mounting each individually. For example, if several scratch file systems always need to be mounted together when performing certain tests, they can each be placed in the test mount group.


Specifies the mount group. Mount groups are used to group related mounts so that they can be mounted as one instead of mounting each individually. For example, if several scratch file systems always need to be mounted together when performing certain tests, they can each be placed in the test mount group.


This file system uses database journaling techniques to keep its structure consistent. This prevents damage to the file system if the system is halted abnormally. The enhanced JFS supports both 32-bit and 64-bit file system semantics. It supports 4 petabyte file systems and dynamically allocates inodes so that disk space is not wasted on unused inodes.


Adds an enhanced journaled file system (JFS2) and creates a new logical volume for it.


Adds an enhanced journaled file system (JFS2) to an existing logical volume. The size of the file system is the size of the logical volume. All data on the target logical volume is destroyed.